U.S government control Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

U.S government control - Assignment Example tailed, and US government should have both prior warrant and probable cause before it can track any individual location by employing tracking devises (Goodlatte). Both the Fifth Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment stipulate that no individual shall be divested of liberty, life or assets without due process of law. However, there are initiatives through the National Defense Authorization Act, 2012 to authorize the US military with the US President’s authorization to arrest any American citizens indefinitely without any due process on American soil. According to me, though it may help the government in its fight against terrorism, the authorization from any court for such action could help to minimize its abuse (Goodlatte). In Kelo v.New London, it was held by US Supreme court that eminent domain could be employed for attaching of any property owned by individual for economic development objectives. Due to this decision, many US state governments started to employ the power grabs to snatch away the private property from one individual and give it to another. According to me, this is against the Fifth Amendment and there should be initiatives to stop the abuses, the states and their local eminent domain power

Interventions Case Study Essay Example for Free

Interventions Case Study Essay The case study chosen is about Sean which comes from chapter 7 in the Crisis Intervention Case Book. Sean is a 19 year old sophomore who is currently on disciplinary probation for getting in a fight during freshman year and breaking the other students jaw. Sean admits to drinking and also smoking marijuana since high school and occasionally on campus. Currently Sean was brought to the emergency room by a friend after passing out on the lawn at a beer party. His friend had seen that Sean vomited all over himself and would not wake up. His friend then called 911 and an ambulance came. At the emergency room Sean’s stomach was pumped and a blood test shown an extremely high level of alcohol along with marijuana and oxycontin. Sean’s case is considered a medical crisis because if his friend would of left him there Sean could have choked on vomit and died. Crisis components Sean’s case starts off as a medical crisis because of the circumstances Sean being unconscious and having an extremely high blood alcohol level. In this case if Sean’s friend would have left him on the lawn thinking he was going to let him just sleep the situation could have become critical. Many individuals can vomit or aspirate while intoxicated and could possibly die of asphyxiation especially when they become unconscious or unable to wake up. The individual should be brought to a hospital immediately where they can be observed and treated. Sean combined three different substances that night which included alcohol, marijuana (THC), and oxycontin. This is a lethal combination, which could have ended in Sean being in a coma or possibly even death; because of this Sean could be considered suicidal. It was also mentioned that Sean had alcoholism in his family and it can be genetic. Sean admitted to not being able to control his drinking and not remembering what happened the night before. This is a dangerous aspect of  drinking. Intervention strategies When Sean’s medical crisis was stabilized, he was evaluated and began speaking with a counselor. When speaking to the counselor Sean admits that, he does not remember what happened last night or how he came to be at the hospital. He remembered being at the Sigma house and playing a drinking game around 10:00 pm and did not remember much after that. He even mentioned a story about drinking when he was in high school. Sean was very worried that his parents would find out and that they would make him come home. He seemed to be very nervous about not knowing whether his parents were called or not. Sean admitted to smoking marijuana before the party. He also stated that a friend gave him oxycontin. Sean mentioned that his father was an alcoholic and used to come home all the time drunk, which caused tension between his father and mother. His father would come home slurring his speech, coming home buzzed or sometimes not coming home at all. His father attended AA meeting and he no longer drinks. The counselor asked Sean if it would be okay to set an appointment for him at the outpatient center at the medical center, which Sean seemed willing to do anything to stay in school. The counselor also agreed to meet with Sean’s parents to discuss the plan they have made to make it easier for Sean to confront them. There are other intervention strategies that could have been provided such as a support group that Sean can be involved in with other students who are in the same situation as Sean or who have been there. When trying to stop drinking, peer support groups can be an invaluable source of guidance, assistance, and encouragement. Groups are very helpful, not only in maintaining sobriety, but also as a safe place to get support and discuss challenges. Connecting with others who know first-hand what you’re going through can help reduce feelings of isolation, fear, and hopelessness. Staying motivated and positive is much easier when you have others you can turn to and lean on to help you get through tough times. It would also benefit Sean to join a school club or sport. Sean would feel part of a team and can spend extra time practicing and keeping busy instead of drinking. If Sean’s drinking escalates then he may need to attend weekly AA meetings. Sean could also look into changing dorms to one that I think the last draw would be moving back home and getting away from the partying environment. His parents could  give him support and he would have a safe place to come home to after classes and on the weekends. Strategy to implement change There is not much that can be done to change someone who doesn’t believe they have a problem and who doesn’t want to change. However the university that Sean attends could set a new policy to make changes within the school and students. It seems to me that there are many parties which include drinking, and drugs on school property and any plans would have to include limiting drinking on campus and in the dormitories, a strong drug enforcement policy and disiplines when these policies are broken. A strategy could be for the school to ban excessive partying to the point where people are passing out and are in danger. It can be impossible to eliminate partying all together, but there can be rules such as partying must not proceed past 12:00 on school campus. On an extreme level the university could put a ban on all alcohol on campus and enforce it strictly. They can put students on an academic probation, or even expel them altogether if found with drugs, or alcohol. If authorities are involved which would include a student being brought to a hospital from drugs/drinking that person will be banned from living on university property if continued. This can eliminate the amount of partying and the level of partying going on. It can even come to a point where a student may be kicked out of the university because of multiple warnings. This can promote change to the campus and the students knowing that the university does not support drug abuse, or alcohol abuse. The university would have to take a strong stand and enforce these rules for them to be successful. In conclusion there are many aspects that would qualify Sean as an alcoholic. Sean cannot control his drinking and will not remember what happened the night before. Sean has had drinking altercations in the past. He also admits to using marijuana and other drugs such as oxytocin. Sean’s counselor set an appointment at an outpatient center and agreed to meet with his parents to discuss their plan. Further interventions such as support groups and AA meeting may be necessary if Sean’s drinking does not decrease. To implement change the university may need to add policy’s that relate to drinking on campus and partying. This will help students like Sean who may struggle with alcohol and other drugs. Reference: Cavaiola, A. A., Colford, J. E. (2011).Crisis intervention case book. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.

A Comparison of the Roman and Mongol Empires

A Comparison of the Roman and Mongol Empires Contents Introduction The Roman Empire Julius Caesar Governance Religion Trade and Warfare The Mongols Empire Genghis Khan Governance Religion Warfare Mughal Empire Akbar the Emperor Governance Religion and Culture Common Characteristics of the Empires and Emperors Born to Wealthy, Political, and/or Kingship Continue from the foundation Governance Strength for source of power Warfare as a means of expansion Relevant lessons Bibliography Introduction ‘One of the lessons of history is that even the deepest crises can be moments of opportunity. They bring ideas from the margins into the mainstream’ (Mulgan, 2009). Empires have come and gone away but the lessons they brought to the world remain in the minds of the people and documented in the books of world history. The word empire has a very broad definition and some often misinterpret the word. To many it means dictatorship, war among civilisations, exploiting the poor, high profile palaces and Kings and emperors living in comfort ruling over a growing conquest. Although some part of all this is true all of this is history in the world we live in today all that is left is lessons that they brought and the teachings that we still abide by even to this day; history brings more to the table than most people come to think because the governance structures used today, religions, cultures and arts are all brought by the historical world that is passed. In this paper, we are going to discuss the brief history of three empires in history that came in different eras looking at their history, their similarities and the lessons that can be drawn from them. The focus will be mainly cast on governance and city planning but also taking a look at how religion and culture influenced governance and to what extent. How artistry also played a part in planning the cities of the past and how all of these play a major role in our cities today. The empires that are going to be discussed include: The Roman Empire, The Mongols Empire and the Mughal Empire. The structure of the paper is discussing the brief history of the above-mentioned empires individually then from there we look at the common characteristics that exist in each empire that made them successful, this paper will further discuss the differences, the lessons that we can take from history that are still relevant today in terms of governance and city planning. The Roman Empire Some scholars argue that the Roman Empire existed even during the ‘Republic’ although to some extent this is true it was just never visible. It all started in Rome a city-state that is located 25 kilometres from the mouth of the Tiber River. It consisted of high advanced culture and strong army which made it a powerful civilisation (Edward, 1979). Figure 1: Roman Empire (Anon, 2008) Julius Caesar Julius is seen as the engineer of the Empire, he was born to a patrician family in 100 B.C.E to a chief in the senate house of the â€Å"Roman Republic†. He rose in popularity in Rome. Popular with the troops and the people because of his conquest of Gaul; A brilliant military commander. He was murdered on the 15th of March 44 B.C.E; stabbed 23 times by the senate this triggered a civil war which saw Augustus take over the Republic and turning it into an Empire (Bladen, 2011). Governance Rome transitioned from a Monarchy to a Republic then finally to an Empire. This gave a clear distinction between the Proletariat and the bourgeoisie, the rich and the poor, women and men. Only a group of people were allowed to be citizens during the Roman Empire. It was ruled over by one individual who was given the divine power due to power, wealth or any other valuable contributor. The Empire spread all over the Mediterranean Sea as shown above by the picture, ruled by peace there was almost no warfare. This dictatorship system continued for the rest of the Empire (Garnsey Saller, 2014) Religion The Romans and conquered personnel brought many cults to the Empire; they worshiped in churches and their homes, they made sacrifices and held festivals in their honour. Rituals were the main threshold of Roman Religion. Rome was the birth of early Christianity (Garnsey Saller, 2014). Trade and Warfare With the emergence of trade routes and sea transport at the heart of Rome; trade and warfare where the big driving factors to the growth of empire. Winning wars and conquering new territories gave Rome more resources; they acquired new skills from captives, and more slaves that increased the working force (Hopkins, 1980). The Mongols Empire Boasting at twice the land area of the Roman Empire; The Mongols have the largest land empire in world history which stretched long and wide from Central Asia to Central Europe, over to the Sea Of Japan then to Siberia and Indian subcontinents and lastly to Arabia (Khan, 1984). It existed from 1206 to 1368. The Mongols were horse men which enabled them to grow their empire wider and further quicker. The acquiring of horses and other livestock enabled then to greatly enhance their military strength (Rachewiltz, 2013). Figure 2: Mongol Empire (Anon, 2010) Genghis Khan Born to a politically strong family during the year 1161. Brilliant organizer and military mastermind he built the foundation of the Mongols Empire. He died on the 18th of August 1227 which triggered unrest to his grandsons that saw it relevant to grow what he started in memory of his life (Weatherford, 2004). Governance The law was drawn up by Genghis Khan himself with a vital point of instating the ‘Death Penalty’ which made the civilisation to be more peaceful. It was safe and well run because anyone who goes against the rules set out would endure a hard penalty (Rachewiltz, 2013). The Non-democratic parliament central assembly was held at the ‘Kurutai’ where members where the bureaucratic members of the civilisation and the chief was the only one allowed to directly communicate with the Emperor to discuss political and civil related information This dictatorship system continued for the rest of the Empire. Trade routes and postal systems were invented during this time (May, 2012). Religion Although the Emperor allowed for religious freedom the transition of religious systems went from Buddhism to Christianity then finally to Islam. Although citizens were allowed to follow which ever religion they chose (Mumford, 1946). Warfare They were generally horsemen which gave them an advantage over they foot soldiered opponents; they travelled in 10s as they attacked (Saunders, 1971). Figure 3: Mongol Army (Anon, 2012) Mughal Empire In 1494 an 11 year old boy by the name of Babur inherited a Kingdom from his father, the elders thought it would better suit the interest of the empire to take away the kingdom from the boy and assume power driving him away from the land, but little did they know that the boy possessed the power to come back and rule over his father’s empire. After being banished he built an army so strong it could withhold any opposition. The conventional beginning of the empire begins when the army of Babur assumed victory over Ibrahim Lodi in the very first battle of Panipat in 1526. He was a brilliant general and a mastermind in war this is clearly shown by his conquest of an army that had 100000 troops with his army of just merely 12000. He laid the main foundation of the Empire leaving his children to take the throne after he died (Schimmel, 2004). Figure 4: Mughal Empire (Anon, 2013) Akbar the Emperor Babur’s son was the driving force in the small decline of the empire that was growing ever small because of his lack of brilliance in the war field. Akbar on the other grew the Empire through his knowledge and understanding of humans (Sharma, 1999). After conquering his opponents Akbar took the opportunity of growing the culture of his Empire by incorporating the cultures into his Empire. Governance He ruled as the divine ruler with the help from his Bureaucratic officials which formed part of a senate with the chief of the being the one that has direct communication to the Emperor. He approached the position with some element of ease. This dictatorship system continued for the rest of the Empire (Schimmel, 2004). Religion and Culture The Empire was well rounded with different cultures and religions due to the brilliance of Akbar with his ability to blend cultures, He allowed for freedom of Religion this meant that anyone in the empire could worship their own God he’s tolerance was seen when he married women from all different types religions and allowed them to practice in the palace (Schimmel, 2004). The official Religion in the Mughal Empire was Islam but the blending created a host of different cultures new ideas on education, art, politics and language (Sharma, 1999). Common Characteristics of the Empires and Emperors Born to Wealthy, Political, and/or Kingship The most remembered people that gave a foundation to the respective empires were all born to highly recognized families. First we look at Julius Caesar who was born to a patrician family with the father part of the higher order of society which gave him the platform to be greater than his father that is why he continued on to lay a foundation for the Roman Empire (Bladen, 2011). Genghis Khan was born to a political and wealthy family which gave him the power and popularity to go on and exploit this side and take charge to bringing the Mongol Empire (May, 2012). Babur was a son of a king that is why he was presented with the opportunity to rule, although his elders took it away he’s nature to rule was fulfilled when he conquered Ibrahim Lodi and took over (Sharma, 1999). Continue from the foundation The descendants of the foundation kings took over the Empires and grew them to greater heights. The children and grand-children grew the Empires to greater Heights. Augustus took Rome to another level of empire and so did the emperors that followed him (Bunson, 1994). Ãâ€"gedei Khan was assigned by Genghis Khan to be his successor this proved crucial to the growth of the empire (Rachewiltz, 2013). Akbar the grandson of Babur grew the empire to become the largest land empire in history (Sharma, 1999). Governance They all adopted governance structure according to what they thought would work for the current time, place and given resources. Strength for source of power The empires used the resources given to achieve what they managed to achieve. Looking at the Mongols they used horses to expand their territory because they could cover more land quicker and faster and it gave them an advantage over opponents at war. Warfare as a means of expansion They fought to keep their empires and they fought to gather more land and power which was common to all the above empires as a means of expanding their territory Relevant lessons Eventually the needs of the people are much greater than the needs of those in power, by addressing the needs of the people then you will be good in terms of popularity and your position in power will be solidified. This is shown by the Akbar in the Mughal he tolerated the conquered to continue their religion even after he’s captured them (Schimmel, 2004). Freedom of religion gives power to the ruling class because it keeps the dwellers happy. Well assembled civilisations in terms of governance are safe and well run because everyone is happy because they can do whatever they want but abiding by the given rules. The death Penalty by Genghis Khan was a relevant governance structure. This reduces high level crimes like murder so this is a good lesson (May, 2012). How such a small group of Mongols Empire managed to conquered such a vast piece of land was because they were contempt in incorporating they groups that they win over into their empire and this meant that they didnâ€⠄¢t have some kind of barrier that doesn’t allow for outsiders so this meant cultures were well engineered to meet the cultural dynamic unlike most cultures that don’t allow other cultures to enter. City building was influenced by arts and culture that was in the empire and the desired taste of the Emperor because he has the final say on the building of the city. Conclusion Each Empire has its own significant characteristics but at some point they overlap to some extent which means that they have some strong similarities as to how their Empires began which was due to the power hungry political children in an attempt to by-pass their parent’s success. How they handle their conquered territories is also different while some choose to incorporate cultures some just choose to instate their own into the lives of the captives. We can draw a lot from history although we refuse to take the lessons and incorporate them because we think we know better and that history is irrelevant although it plays a vital role in our lives now and it will continue to influence our ideas even in times to come Bibliography Anon, 2008. Roman Empire. [Online] Available at: http://www.crystalinks.com/romanempire.html [Accessed 20 March 2015]. Anon, 2010. Colonialism in India and China. [Online] Available at: http://colonialism-india-china.weebly.com/mongol-empire.html [Accessed 21 March 2015]. Anon, 2012. Badass. [Online] Available at: http://badassoftheweek.com/index.cgi?id=84324331289 [Accessed 22 March 2015]. Anon, 2013. Mr. G @ AHS. [Online] Available at: https://sites.google.com/site/mrgahs/home/period-4-global-interactions-1450-ce-to-1750-ce/mughal-empire [Accessed 22 March 2015]. Bladen, V., 2011. Julius Caesar. Australia: Insight Publications. Bunson, M., 1994. Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire. New York: Facts on File. Edmondson, J.C., 1989. Mining in the Later Roman Empire and beyond: Continuity or Disruption? The Journal of Roman Studies, 79(1), pp.84-102. Edward, 1979. The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. Garnsey, P. Saller, R., 2014. The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Hall, P., 1998. Cities in civilization: culture, innovation, and urban order. London: Phoenix. Hopkins, K., 1980. Taxes and Trade in the Roman Empire. Journal Of Roman Studies, 70(1), pp.101-25. Khan, P., 1984. The Secret History of the Mongols: The Origin of Chinghis Khan. Boston: Cheng and Tsui Company. May, T., 2012. The Mongol Conquests in World History. London: Reaktion Books. Mulgan, G., 2009. Ted. [Online] Available at: https://www.ted.com/talks/geoff_mulgan_post_crash_investing_in_a_better_world_1/transcript?language=en [Accessed 20 March 2015]. Mumford, L., 1946. The Culture of Cities. 5th ed. London: Martin Secker and Wraburg Limited. Rachewiltz, I.d., 2013. The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century. Asia: Brill. Saunders, J.J., 1971. The History of the Mongol Conquests. Philadelphia: Routledge. Schimmel, A., 2004. The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture. London: Reaktion Books. Sharma, S.R., 1999. Mughal Empire in India: A Systematic Study Including Source Material. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers. Weatherford, J., 2004. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. New York: Crown Publishers.

National Debt :: Argumentative Persuasive Papers Economics

National Debt The above statement suggests that the government should not make cuts in the social fabric because it can always roll over the debt, therefore, the national debt can be ignored. This statement means nothing to many Americans who would never dream of having a conversation about the national debt. Before reading about the national debt, I was one of those Americans who didn't care to realize the trouble my country, the land of the free, home of the brave, is in grave trouble. The trouble will come from the measures a government must take to reduce, or even stabilize a debt of 4.5 trillion dollars. "Taxation without representation" is a phrase found in the history books of our children. The young people of america learn about past events in hopes that history will not repeat itself. Something has failed. Those same children will feel the effects of their parents and grandparents goodtimes(running up of the national debt). The children of america are being taxed and punished. Right before their eyes, the children's future living styles aredeclining, while these children are ignorant to the fact. This is an example of taxation without representation. For the children, I believe the national debt cannot be ignored any longer. Nixon, Ford, Regan....the list of presidents who have tried to balance the national debt seems to want to go on forever. This cannot and will not happen. The national debt is eating us alive and must be balanced. No more trying, it must be done. There does however appear to be no end. The U.S. seemsto always be in someone's war, which causes recession and must run a deficit to stimulate the economy, but if our country insists on protecting

Facebook Stalkers

Gabriel Montelongo Mr. Segura English 1301. 001 18, February 2013 The Book of All Evil There is no denying that social networking is at its finest. With over 1 billion users, Facebook has pushed itself into part of everyday lives. However, Facebook isn’t all flowers and butterflies. A website that stalkers use to rub one off to whoever they stalk, should not be perceived as a good thing. Neither should it be considered a good thing when a college student tries to write his essay, and keeps getting distracted by notifications.Facebook is a tool used for stalking, addiction, but worst of all, procrastination. One of the scariest thing about Facebook is the stalkers. Facebook has made stalking easier with the use of one of its features called â€Å"Lists†. Basically what this feature does is it allows the user to single out anyone in the friends list, and stalk anyone that has been added. The stalker can even single out what kind of updates a person has; such as photos, po sts, and recent locations visited.People that use Facebook should think twice about what they share with the world. On the bright-side, Facebook does allow the ability to block stalkers, but it is rendered useless if the stalker decides to fake a new account. If anyone out there has an interest in stalking, Facebook would be the first place they would look. When awkward, socially-undeveloped, cave-dwellers want to make friends, they use Facebook. They proceed to add pretty, young women, in hopes that they get a chance to be with them.However, that almost never happens, so these people then become angry and delusional. This is how stalkers tend to form over Facebook. These stalkers then proceed to stalk their rejecters, and then later end up in creepy stalker stories. This happens almost every day on Facebook, seriously. Social networking has become so common, that not many think about how they are being manipulated. Facebook has this control over people, using something called †Å"notifications†.People post updates on their page, and if people think it’s cool, then it’ll get â€Å"likes†. Notifications are then sent to the person telling them that someone liked their update. That right there encourages the user to post more updates. The more likes that people receive, the more it makes them want to update their status. This is how it keeps its users; through making them think that people actually care about what they are saying. Facebook manages to keep its users through a clever, but mischievous design.Though widely recognized as a place for friends, Facebook is more like a spreading of disease. Through mischievous design and manipulation, Facebook can actually cause addiction. A reward system of notifications and likes can make a person feel like something was accomplished through something as simple as a status update. This accomplishing feeling make the self-conscious Facebook users feel accepted through having their statuses â€Å"liked†, and will try to reanimate themselves in search of that same feeling.Facebook addiction is now being recognized as a legitimate addiction, and will soon find itself in future psychology books. Not only is Facebook perfectly designed for stalkers, but also to distract students from finishing homework. Facebook has a billion plus users, a majority of which are teenagers and young adults. Distracting a kid couldn’t be easier with Facebook. Give a pre-teen a website full of friends, and that pre-teen could be on it for hours.The same effect happens with young college students; only the college student knows that he has an essay due Wednesday. Said student will then proceed to write the essay, only to get distracted by friends on Facebook. It is a horrible feeling when students know that not much time is left, and begin to hate themselves for procrastinating. An evil that every teenager in this day and age has to deal with, every day of their lives. Facebook is a curse; one that destroys us from the inside out.Never mind the fact that almost one in every five divorces have been Facebook related, it creates stalkers that could eventually evolve into serial killers. Facebook breeds addiction and manipulates our already screwed up society. It has students thinking that they will only be on for five minutes, which then becomes an hour. Facebook is itself a problem that causes even more problems. A problem that’s here to stay until a new socializing website comes and takes over, and causes even more problems.

A Review Of Lord Lamings Recomendations Social Work Essays

A Review Of Lord Lamings Recomendations Social Work Essays A Review Of Lord Lamings Recomendations Social Work Essay A Review Of Lord Lamings Recomendations Social Work Essay On 25th February 2000 at 3.15pm, Victoria Climbie was declared dead. A post-mortem scrutiny carried out by Dr. Nathaniel Carey concluded she had died of hypothermia caused by undernourishment as a consequence of a moist environment and restricted motion. Lord Laming was approached by the Secretary of State for Health and the Secretary of State for the Home Department to transport out three statutory enquiries following Victoria s decease. The combination of these enquiries resulted in the Victoria Climbie Inquiry. In this study, he found the communicating between Local Authorities, Police and Social Workers to be missing. As a consequence, he made a series of recommendations and the order in which they would be implemented. By making a hierarchy, ( fig1 ) , each Body or Committee had a specific map or function. Lord Laming determined that in the event of a serious instance, an established and clear concatenation of bid would guarantee answerability and or support at the highest degree. In this instance, the vaulting horse would halt at the recommended ministerial Children and Families Board established with the Prime Minister s support. These chief organic structures and their subordinates would besides be responsible for size uping and implementing new statute law ; and describing back in the order laid out. The chief focal point of these recommendations was bar instead than remedy ; by placing kids at hazard at the earliest chance and finally guaranting their safety. This would be done by: Simplifying the bing Working Together and the National Assessment Framework paperss into one papers that could be readily understood across the board. Geting rid of bureaucratism so that it became easier to place who was responsible for what more easy. Bettering the lines of communicating and sharing of information. Retraining of frontline staff. Clarifying the common jurisprudence regulations on confidentiality. Social Care Recommendations: Following his enquiry, Lord Laming recommended a complete restructure on how a vulnerable kid s instance would be handled from its induction to its completion. He recognized in order to protect the kids ; better criterions and clear guidelines would hold to be established for everyone concerned to follow. Some of his cardinal suggestions called for: Procedures on how to transport out an initial study: He concluded where English was non the kid s first linguistic communication, and translator would be made available. Training: Experienced staff with appropriate preparation would be assigned to the kids and their households. Recording of informations: Once a kid has been identified as being vulnerable, all informations sing this kid non restricting physician s studies ; must be collated, recorded and shared with the proper governments instantly. Accountability: Directors, Directors and Team leaders must set up a system that records: Who made the governments foremost cognizant of the kid s quandary, who is covering with the instance, when the instance was assigned, who referred the instance to another bureau or local authorization and the actions being taken throughout the continuance of the instance. It is the responsibility of the Manager to guarantee that every societal worker is clear on what function they are expected to play in any peculiar instance, and they understood what was expected of them. It would besides be made clear that their actions would come under supervising and reviewed sporadically. This would guarantee everyone concerned was on the same page. Referrals: Each bureau would hold to collaborate with each other when sharing their information. If more than one bureau was involved in a kid s instance, the initial bureau should be responsible for informing the latter bureau all the specifics of the instance in authorship. Legal Advice: In the event where exigency steps had to be taken, Lord Laming recommended that legal advice had to be taken within a 24 hr period. This would result that all facets of the jurisprudence were being complied with. Health Recommendations: Between the wellness, constabulary and societal services, it emerged that there were many missed chances which had they been spotted, could hold saved Victoria s life. As a consequence, Lord Laming suggested a complete revamp in the manner instances were recorded from the land up. Most notably, he recommended that: Where a instance of kid maltreatment is suspected, a nursing attention program must be drawn up integrating a full physician s study. Once a kid has been identified as vulnerable, the analyzing physician must make up ones mind whether to interrogate the kid straight without the consent of his primary carers or acquire the kid s history from his primary carers. The physician must so observe down his actions and or determinations taken in authorship. Decision The Philosopher George Santayana ( 1905 ) one time said those who can non larn from history are doomed to reiterate it . This unluckily, appeared to be the instance when Lord Laming was one time once more commissioned to compose another study following the decease of Baby Peter[ 2 ]. In this study he was asked to place the barriers that prevented the safeguarding of kids following his first enquiry. What has become progressively clear is that despite the initial enquiry, it appears no existent lessons have been learnt. On June 7th 2010, Channel 4[ 3 ]screened an clandestine docudrama on the life of a typical societal worker. Among the concerns that old and freshly qualified societal workers expressed ; a deficiency of communicating between governments and the bureaucratism that ensued stood out. Although one could reason the sample used in that peculiar docudrama could non perchance reflect the UK as a whole ; it is still a badgering and existent concern that needs to be nationally addressed to safeguard these vulnerable kids. TAQ 2: ( ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 2.2 ) WHAT DOES A CHILDREN S TRUST DO? Describe THEIR ESSENTIAL FEATURES AND PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS. The Children s Plan was set up by the Government to guarantee every kid regardless of age, sex, faith, economic background ; could take a safe, happy and healthy life. This is in bend would do it possible for these kids to turn into good adjusted grownups, capable of doing positive parts in their communities. In order to do this program work, The Children s Trust, made up of local partnerships, was given the duty to see out this vision and do it a world. The function of the Children s Trust One of their primary functions is to convey together local administrations that deal with the services of kids, immature grownups and households together ; to continually better services rendered or cover with jobs impacting these groups of people. Together with primary attention trusts, constabulary governments, youth piquing squads, wellness governments, schools, local probation boards and young person piquing squads ; the Children s Trust bring these administrations together and necessitate them to fall in The Trust edge by a legal responsibility of attention. Essential Features The Children s Trust: Identifies kids at hazard with an purpose to forestall any injury by step ining at the earliest phase possible. Try to cut down kid poorness Actively engage with their mark groups by listening to their positions on what affects them in their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours lives in order to supply services that would do a existent difference to these kids. Ensure proper programs are laid out to supply effectual services to their mark groups. This includes entire answerability in services provided and public disbursement. Making certain every kid has a good rounded instruction which will enable hold them to be on a more or less on equal terms with affluent kids when they eventually join the occupation market. Attempts to interrupt the barriers that prevent kids from sharing and utilizing information. The Children s Trust besides ensures that proper communicating and sharing of information exists between all Local Authorities covering with kids. Partnership Agreements The undermentioned administrations work closely together with the Children s Trust to accomplish the public assistance of kids, immature grownups and households. It should be noted they have a legal responsibility of attention when supplying their several services and as a whole, as members of the Children s Trust, work together for the overall good being of their mark groups. Primary Care Trusts ( PCT ) : PCT together with Local Authorities and other bureaus that provide wellness and societal attention locally, guarantee the demands of the community are met as a whole. Local Safeguarding Children s Trusts: In order to advance the safety and good being of kids, immature grownups and households, they work together with local governments that deal with offense and upset, Youth Offending Teams and schools to cut down offense and put on the line the rate of reoffending. They teach effects at an early age in order to forestall, every bit much as possible, antisocial behavior. Education: Schools, households and local governments work together to accomplish high educational criterions and advance extracurricular activities to unlock endowments in kids. By working together, they try to guarantee a kid will come in into maturity as a well adjusted and productive member of society. Local Area Agreement ( LAA ) . The Children s Trust works closely with the populace, private and voluntary sectors to guarantee their overall vision is met. TAQ3: ( ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3.1, 3.2 ) DEFINE THE TERM CHILDREN IN NEED IN A SOCIAL WORK CONTEXT List THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT AND Give A BRIEF DESCRIPTION Any kid who needs excess attention or attending from local governments because: they can non accomplish a sensible criterion of wellness, are significantly impaired, are disabled and are at hazard from the people who surround or attention for them are classified as Children in Need . The Children Act 1989 and the Children Act 2004 require that Local Authorities who provide services for kids and immature people ( under 18 old ages old ) to: Identify those who are unable to reasonably attain or keep wellness and or development without the proviso of services by local governments Provide wellness services to those who are like to endure further or future complication without the proviso of services by the local governments Provide services for disable kids ( Children Act 1989, subdivision 17 ) . Different Types of Child Abuse and Neglect Child maltreatment can attest itself in many signifiers. Some signifiers of maltreatment are easier to descry than others and anybody working with kids must be trained to descry and step in at the earliest chance. Commons illustrations of kid maltreatment include: Physical maltreatment: This where a kid is physically harmed by those in charge of his primary attention ( parents or defenders ) or anybody who comes into contact with the kid. This includes things like crushing a kid, forcing him/her into objects that can do physical injury or curtailing their motions so they can non seek safety. Any calculated action that leaves contusions, internal hurts, interruptions, cuts and or cicatrixs is considered physical maltreatment. Sexual Abuse: Any signifier of sexual activity for illustration incest, colza, pedophilia ; with a kid is considered sexual maltreatment. Mental maltreatment: This covers a wide spectrum. Some of the major causes of mental maltreatment include: Environment: Child who have alcoholic, violent and or drug addicted parents/guardians ; or are exposed to such people in their communities, may endure mentally as a consequence. The kids s hereafter hapless picks could be in portion, as a consequence of the environment so grew up in. Unsupportive Families: Families who fail to back up the kids, by either promoting them to make good or learning them good values ; invariably degrading or seting down their kids ; disregarding their kids demands and wants ; are in fact mentally mistreating these kids TAQ4: ( ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3.3 ) OUTLINE THE STEPS INVOLVED IN THE INITIAL ASSESSMENT. PLEASE NOTE IF YOU HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING ALL LINKS YOU WILL Have INFORMATION ON THIS When a kid in demand has been identified or referred to the Local Authority, an initial appraisal to find what that demand is, what sort of services will be required to assist the kid and most significantly if the kid is safe in his or her current state of affairs ; is carried out. The stairss involved in transporting out such an appraisal are: The initial appraisal should be completed with a maximal period of 7 working yearss from the day of the month of the first referral. The demands of the kid in demand should be identified The safety, wellness and good being of the kid should be safeguarded from injury. Information from the kid s primary carers ( parents or defenders ) , the drawn-out household, all Local Authorities who had contact with the kid ( in relation to the instance nevertheless remote ) , and any records held about the kid ( both current and old ) ; should be collated and recorded to organize portion of the initial appraisal. Using the Children Act 1989 subdivision 17 as a guideline: define if the kid is in demand If there is sufficient or back uping grounds or likelihood the kid is enduring or will endure. The focal point of the initial appraisal should entirely concentrate on the public assistance of the kid, hence, any analysis and recommendations should be made clear with no room for ambiguity. TAQ5: ( ASSESSMENT CRETRIA 2.2 ) Find OUT WHAT THE NORFOLK PROTOCOL GUIDELNES ARE AND DESCRIBE IN YOUR OWN WORDS USING PARAGRAPHS AT LEAST 10 ACTIVITIES ACCORDING TO THE PROTOCOL The Local Safeguarding Children Boards ( LSCBs ) exist to protect and advance the public assistance of kids and immature grownups. The LSCBs replaced the Area Child Protection Committees which were concerned with kid protection as opposed to safeguarding a kid. The Protocol therefore provide guidelines which Local Authorities and households can work together to supply better support for kids and immature grownups. Some of the activities undertaken in conformity with the Norfolk Protocol are: Aid or support for handicapped parents to look after their kids in all facets of the kid s life: Parents who suffer from physical or learning disablements require different signifiers of aid when looking after their kids. They may non be physically able to feed, frock or a carry their kid and demand to be supported in this. A learning disablement may besides impact a parent s inability to measure right the demands of a kid on a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours footing. Local Authorities in conformity to the Protocol make an initial appraisal of the family and aid consequently. Safeguarding kids from force and disregard: Childs who come from backgrounds where force exists, are at hazard of going victims of their fortunes or turning up and going violent themselves. In order to safeguard against this, the LSCB place such hazards and take stairss to take the kid from such environments and put them in a safe and stable topographic point. Safeguard the kids and immature grownups when accessing services or activities in the community: Any cultural or recreational activities aimed at kids should do certain the kids benefit from these activities in a safe mode. The keepers in charge of the activities should hold an Enhanced Criminal Records Bureau ( CRB ) cheque. They should besides be decently trained to do certain the kids carry out their activities every bit safely as possible. Safeguard the kids and immature grownups from favoritism or onslaughts from people because of their race, faith or physical ability: This means wherever a kid is being targeted because of their individualism or has a physical or learning disablement, the LSCB should step in and either ; educate and or prosecute persons or groups doing injury to the kids. Safeguard kids from sexual marauders: Those who have been identified and prosecuted as sex wrongdoers ; should travel on the Sexual activity Offenders Register and banned from holding working with kids. The LSCB work closely together with other Local Governments and assist place kids at hazard in such state of affairss and take them from injury or possible injury. Missing Child: The LSCB acknowledge kids travel losing from their place or surrogate arrangement for a assortment of grounds. By sensitively nearing this issue, the LSCB work together with households, to happen out the fortunes associating to the kid s disappearing and if found, what can be done to forestall such an happening. Once a kid goes losing, relevant governments pool together to do certain the kid comes home safely. They may seek to make out to the kid utilizing the media or seting up postings with information on how the kid can reach the governments safely. Shared information: This is possibly the greatest tool at the LSCB s disposal in their work to safeguard kids. There are many Local Authorities and voluntary administrations who deal with the well being of kids and a batch of information is necessarily located in different locations. By puting up an electronic database, different administrations are able to non merely hold entree to this information, but besides are able to update and add critical inside informations refering to the kid in demand. Anybody who has entree, or adds to such information, should be held accountable in conformity to the processs of their several administrations. Safeguarding the kids from intimidation: By following a zero tolerance policy against strong-arming ( in schools or the community ) , the LSCB besides educates kids and grownups likewise, how to acknowledge and forestall intimidation. A legal responsibility of attention to kids and immature grownups who: have been given tutelary sentences, are placed in kids places, or in preparation Centres. They must do certain these kids are safeguarded while they in such establishments, from themselves or so others. They must place marks of self-destruction, self harming, mental wellness jobs, continued drug usage etc, and prevent, Teach or kerb such behavior while the kids or immature grownups are in their attention. Unauthorized Campsites: In a command to undertake the turning job of illegal encampment by Travellers, the Norfolk Protocol for Unauthorized Campsites was adopted in January 2003. The purpose of this affair was to organize a feasible program that was acceptable to both Travellers and the communities they occupy. By collaborating with the Local Authorities, the Travellers would non merely have a forum to aerate their grudges, but besides could raise their public profile. TAQ6: ( ASSESSMENT CRETRIA 4.1, 4.2 ) DEFINE WHAT IS MEANT BY ADOPTION AND FOSTERING IDENTIFY AND EVALUATE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROVISION AVAILABLE FOR LOOKED AFTER CHILDREN. Adoption is a procedure where a kid is provided for with a new household and whom for a assortment of grounds, can non be raised by their ain biological parents. There is a legal procedure that needs to be followed where the new parents have to take all parental duty to the adopted kid as they would their ain biological kid if they have any. Fostering on the manus normally refers to a impermanent agreement made to suit a kid who is waiting to be adopted. The primary health professional ( in this instance it could be a surrogate parent or a surrogate place ) assumes duty for the kid together with a local authorization and where applicable, the kid s biological parents. Identify and Evaluate Different Type of Provisions Available for Looked After Children Educational Commissariats: Children in demand who are sing adversities in their instruction in add-on to any bing troubles have to be particularly cared for. In order to decently measure the kid s single demands, Local Authorities in partnerships with others, have to transport out appraisals to find what is best for the kid. The turning demands of the kid are besides taken into history. This is necessary because as the kid gets older, the governments concerned will necessitate to hold their initial appraisals reviewed to reflect the current position of the kid. By right measuring and run intoing a kid s educational demands, it is likely the kid will non stand out in mainstream society or be a mark for negative actions. Fostering Commissariats: The Children Act 1989 sec 22G requires Local governments to do certain that those entrusted with caring for kids meet the criterions set and have passed all the cheques required. This is of import as it minimizes hazards every bit much as possible with a position to finally guaranting the kid s safety in attention. Contact Commissariats: Childs who are placed in impermanent attention may hold entree to their biological parents depending on the nature of their arrangement. In order to safeguard the involvement of these vulnerable kids, parents sometimes have to hold to supervised visits. Equally much as this may be seen as an invasion by the biological households, it is necessary to hold a societal worker for illustration ; to be visibly present to forestall farther injury to the kid, or assist construct dealingss between kid and his/her household. Changes in the jurisprudence have besides being reviewed to further ease this procedure. In April 1st 2010, the new Government passed a jurisprudence stating that the participants incomes would non be a factor to reach activity TAQ 7: ( ASSESSEMENT CREITERION 4.3 ) Exploitation VALID AND RELIABLE SOURCES INVESTIGATE AND DISCSS THE ISSUES SUROUNDING HARD TO PLACE CHILDREN AND SUGGEST A POSSIBLE INERGRATED SERVICE PROVISION CARE PLAN. A kid is considered hard to put when it becomes hard for him/her to be for good adopted by a household. The grounds vary from kid to child but the most common grounds are: Physical ( prospective parents find the kid is excessively old ) Mental Problems Emotional or societal jobs Physical disablements More frequently than non, prospective adoptive parents already have this image of a perfect small kid and may non be ready to accept a kid who has some troubles. This is normally the hardest barrier when puting kids. If a kid is lucky plenty to be adopted, but displays some ambitious behavior during the test period, the adoptive parents have the right to return the kid if they feel they can non get by. This unhappily creates more jobs to the kid or may hold already started life feeling rejected. The term hard to topographic point is non merely restricted to kids in Foster attention. The same can be applied to kids who can non happen it difficult to remain in school because of the type of behavior they display. In order to increase the odds of have these kids successfully placed in a household or an educational installation, a good attention program is indispensable to do this happen. Where possible, a successful attention program needs to hold the input of the parents, extended household or old schools. Monck ( Monck and others 2003 p42 ) explores this farther when he defined a program of what to make in the meantime, where there was an outlook the kid would be returned to his birth parents or lasting defenders after a complete probe. He defined Concurrent planning as the capacity of the birth parents or wider birth household to rear the kid is investigated. At the same clip the kid is placed with surrogate carers who, if the birth household can non rear, go the adoptive parents . In his definition, when a kid could non be returned to his natural parents, he made a proviso on what would eventually go on to that kid. The undermentioned constituents represent a good attention program. Specific: All attention programs for difficult to put kids, need to be every bit single as the kid itself. The jobs environing the kid may hold a generalized description, but the effects to the kid itself have to be tailored to suit the kid. Child A could be said to be angry and displays this choler by hitting other kids. The same could be said of any kid because kids tend to flog out as they are yet to larn tools of how to cover with their emotions. The attention program would so hold to dig into the root cause of the kid s choler before doing proviso or recommendation on how to outdo aid the kid. Measurable: It is counterproductive to hold the kid receive the same type of aid when no noticeable betterment can be recorded. Alternatively, if after an acceptable period of clip the kid continues to exhibit the same type of disputing behavior, a new therapy or constitution should be tried. In order to avoid duplicate of interventions, Local Authorities have to pass on and work together in a command to assist the kid. Relevant: The attention program should suit the kid needs as he or she is now. This means if an appraisal was carried when the kid was 4 old ages old, another has to be carried as he/she continues to acquire older. Factors such as pubescences need to be taken into history as they could increase or magnify the behavioral jobs exhibited by the kid. Focused: The attention program would hold to hold way. Gratuitous clip blowing therapies, appraisals or interventions can be avoided merely by holding a focussed attention program. This is where the existent determinations are made refering the kid in inquiry even though these determinations have to be revised sporadically. The same could be said when there are no more resources available at that present clip to provide to the kid. The lone thing that can be done in such instances is to maintain the kid safe, healthy and every bit happy as possible. TAQ8 ( ASSESSEMENT CRETERION 1.1 ) USING THE TIMELINE AS A BASIS FOR YOUR WORK, DEVELOP IT FURTHER TO FULL OUTLINE THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES WITHIN THE UK TO ENSURE THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN. 2006 The Children and Adoption Act 2006 made commissariats for people who worked or had contact with kids chiefly in a professional capacity or for households who posed a hazard to kids. The purpose of this act was to minimise possible hazards to kids. 2007 The UK Borders Act 2007 ( codification of pattern on kids ) defines how kids should be treated when doing certain they comply with the UK in-migration Torahs. It states for illustration, any kid under 16 old ages old should hold an grownup nowadays before fingerprints can be taken. 2008 The Children and Young Persons Act 2008 Chapter 23 defines the manner in which societal work services are delivered to kids and immature individual. Part 1 Sections 1-10 item what is expected from any organisation/Local Authority presenting these types of services. Part 2 trades with the Functions in Relation to Children and Young Persons. This includes covering with issues to make with the kids s wellbeing, adjustment, independent reexamining officers, trial, instruction and preparation, finance, attention interruptions, enforcement of attention criterions, exigency protection orders and information and research. Part 3 of this act defines what is required for following and furthering services. Part 4 elaborates more on the Orders under Part 2 of the 1989 Act. This merely inside informations what criteria each administration or Local Authority should run into before and after a kid is placed in attention. Part 5 trades with the minor and auxiliary amendments to the 1989 Act. 2009 The Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Act 2009 ( c 22 ) provides a model for which 16-18 twelvemonth olds could measure up for an apprenticeship. Its purpose is to guarantee that kids in schools receive full information about apprenticeships and vocational preparation chances. 2010 The Children, Schools and Families Act 2010 ( c 26 ) trades with the proviso that should do for kids with particular educational demands. Separate 1 of this act inside informations how educational installations have to be inspected to run into the Government s standard for this group of kids. TAQ 9 THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL WORKER AND OF THE COURTS IN IMPLEMENTING THE PROVISIONS OF RELEVANT RECENT LEGISLATION IS VITAL IF CHILDREN ARE TO BE ADEQUATELY PROTECTED WITHIN THE UK. DISCUSS The function of the societal worker has neer been more disputing at an age where horrific instances of kid maltreatment have become platitude. These stories no longer do headlines in the media and more worryingly, are the instances that do non do the forepart pages which are every bit as ghastly. The societal worker is besides faced with a batch of resistance in the work topographic point from uncooperative parents/guardians who openly scorn them and believe they want to destruct their household unit or state them how to run their lives. The tribunals on the other manus are overwhelmed with the sheer figure of child maltreatment instances they have to cover with. By the terminal of 2009 entirely, 51,488 sex offenses against kids were recorded by the Home Office. Both the societal workers and the tribunal system are frequently under huge force per unit area to decide these instances rapidly because clip is normally of the kernel to guarantee the safety of the kid. In add-on, a host of ruddy tape and bureaucratism cause the wheels of justness to run easy, which frequently result in many holds which could set the kid in farther danger. One of the most of import steps that has been put in topographic point ; mostly because of the instance of Victoria Climbe, was a clear line of communicating and answerability for all the authorities/agencies who deal with kids in demand. Lord Lemming clearly identified that a deficiency of communicating and finally answerability between different bureaus could hold contributed to the decease of Victoria Climbe, one time she was ab initio identified as a kid in demand. However, lessons were non learnt as in the instance of Baby Peter ; which resulted in farther recommendations by Lord Laming. This was what resulted in the Children Act 2004. It is deserving observing that the Children Act 1989 is still upheld and the 2004 Act does non replace it. The societal workers on the other manus were under force per unit area and overwhelmed b y the figure of caseloads they had to mine through and some of these workers felt their positions had changed from safeguarding kids to run intoing marks. In order to to the full appreciate and understand the functions both the societal worker and the tribunals play in implementing the commissariats of statute law for the kid s protection, it is of import to first define who is considered a child in demand . Councils in the UK have several indexs which they use to place and prioritise aid for a kid in demand ( CIN ) . These are based on several factors environing the kid s life such as disablement, domestic force, intoxicant and drug maltreatment, homelessness, sex maltreatment to advert a few. Regardless of how each council operates, they are all governed by the Children s Act of 1989 and 2004. Using these Acts as a templet, a child in demand can be slackly defined as anybody under the age of 18 old ages, who requires some signifier of intercession, to safeguard them from external factors that prevent them from basking a healthy and well-balanced life. As a consequence, the Government in concurrence with Ofsted, Her Majesty s Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate, Her Majesty s Inspectorate of Probation, Her Majesty s Inspectorate of Prisons, Her Majesty s Inspectorate of Court Administration, Her Majesty s Inspectorate of Constabulary and the Care Quality Commission ; organize a Safeguarding Review to update their policies on safeguarding kids which oc